Bugatti veyron , it has 1001 hp of engine, modern looks and aero dynamic body shape, no wonder if many people called it the fastest car in the world but you can't determine that until you have tried it yourself. You can compare several sports car with the bugatti.
BMW's design department has been working overtime lately. Just last month, the German automaker unveiled its M1 Homage Concept at the Villa d'Este Concours on the shores of Lake Como, Italy. Now, Munich has officially taken the wraps off of a new design study called the GINA Light Visionary Model, a creation BMW says shouldn't be thought of as "just another concept car," but rather "a whole new approach to automotive design."With its GINA (Geometry and Functions In "N" Adaptions) model, BMW set out to explore the creative freedom that might be offered with future cars while using a traditional front-mounted eight-cylinder engine and rear-drive platform. The surface of the concept features a new fabric material that BMW says is highly resistant to expansion, durable, and flexible. Underneath the covering material is a light aluminum subframe that is moveable via electric and hydraulic controls, allowing the surface itself to be reshaped according to the owner's desire. The usual elements of production cars -- doors, wheel arches, a trunk lid, engine hood, and roof -- are not present in the conventional sense. Rather, the body consists of just four components: a front panel that leads to the edge of the windscreen, two side panels (one on each side of the car), and a rear deck panel.
BMW is particularly proud of the headlights on the GINA project. When the headlights are not active, they are hidden under the car's skin. When turned on, the metal subframe moves the covering fabric skin laterally away from either side of the trademark kidney-shaped grille, exposing the double lights. Other sections of bodywork are moveable as well: the rear panel shifts to allow a spoiler to rise when traveling over a specified speed, while the rocker panels move to narrow or widen the side air intakes and extend an additional protruding rocker panel line. Even the aforementioned kidney grille is able to be widened, adding separate distinct body lines in the process.
The fabric skin itself is interesting in that it is not transparent, but it is permeable to light. This allows the rear taillights to be housed underneath the skin -- unnoticeable unless lit, allowing their light to shine through the fabric. The fabric is comprised of a mesh netting support and a separate outer layer. Combined, the material is resistant to heat and cold and even repels water. According to BMW, the material is extremely form-fitting and able to conform to various shapes and positions with a high level of precision. Changes to the underlying metal structure are made without slackening the tension of the material or damaging it in any way.
Servicing the engine is made possible by an opening in the material in the center of where a conventional engine hood would be found. The material opens to either side of the engine and closes through a series of cliplock fasteners on a central rail. Opening the doors requires the fabric to swing up and out, folding out of the way. When closed, the doors show no folds in the material whatsoever, appearing as a smooth, stretched surface. Sporty touches round out the exterior design, with a production-ready rear carbon diffuser, 20-inch alloy wheels, quad exhaust tips, and windshield frame mounted side view mirrors.
The interior of the GINA Light Visionary Model is as innovative as the outside. When without occupants, the steering wheel and instruments are positioned vertically on the center stack so as not to hinder ingress to the vehicle. As soon as the driver sits down, the wheel and gauges move to their functional positions in front of the driver, while the headrest, previously integrated into the seat, rises automatically. The seat itself and steering column move into the ideal position for the driver, the information of which is stored in the vehicle's computer. Inside, the same stretched fabric runs from the rear deck over the seats, while the door panels and center console are comprised of the same material.
BMW stresses that its GINA Light Visionary Model is simply an exercise in design and technology and not a pre-production vehicle. Still, if history is any indication, BMW rarely allows its most exciting technology to stay in concept form for long. While GINA may not be viable for production in whole, individual elements may find their way to production sooner than one may imagine.
2010 CADILLAC SRX: A DISTINCTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR TODAY'S LUXURY CROSSOVER CONSUMER
"The all-new SRX is a fresh and compelling crossover aimed squarely at the priorities of luxury buyers," said Mark McNabb,
The 2010 SRX is designed for efficient performance, including the choice of two high-tech six-cylinder engines that are new to Cadillac – the smallest-displacement engines it offers in
Performance and safety are enhanced by an available all-wheel-drive (AWD) system that is designed to optimize vehicle handling and stability in all driving conditions. The AWD system includes an advanced electronic limited-slip differential (eLSD) that distributes torque as needed from side to side along the rear axle, as well as from the front to rear axle. The pre-emptive, active-on-demand system provides an extra measure of capability in wet or icy conditions.
The 2010 SRX rides on a wide track that was designed to deliver a nimble, responsive driving experience. It seats five, with generous occupant and cargo room, and can tow up to 3,500 pounds (1,587 kg).
Distinctive design and craftsmanship
"Cadillac is known for bold design. The 2010 SRX Crossover builds on that reputation," said Clay Dean, Cadillac global design director. "As with the 2008 CTS, we advanced our Art and Science design to create a crossover for style-conscious customers. The exterior features a dramatic diving gesture on the body side to impart the feeling of movement, even at rest."
A multi-piece shield grille and Cadillac's iconic vertical headlamps – with light pipe technology and available adaptive forward lighting – are the face of the SRX. They blend into a tightly wrapped, sweeping body that tapers downward at the rear, giving the vehicle a sporty profile, Dean said.
The SRX features a wide stance, minimal overhang and wheels pushed to corners. Eighteen-inch wheels are standard and 20-inch wheels are offered. A bold accent line dives across the body side and culminates at a chrome front fender vent that incorporates a side marker lamp. An integrated spoiler on the rearward edge of the roof extends the sleek lines and improves aerodynamics.
"Inside the new SRX, technical precision blends with old-world craftsmanship," Dean said. "Hand-cut-and-sewn coverings on the instrument panel and ambient lighting details convey a finely tailored cabin."
An integrated center stack houses controls for climate and audio systems, while the navigation system rises from the center of the instrument panel. A signature example of the SRX's attention to detail is the Cadillac script logos in the front door sill plates that illuminate when the doors are opened.
Advanced technology and entertainment systems
The 2010 SRX features numerous advanced electronic systems. Highlights include a "pop-up" navigation screen with three-dimensional imaging; adaptive forward lighting that swivels the headlamps in synch with vehicle steering; power liftgate with adjustable height setting; integrated hard disc drive for audio storage and a dual-screen system for rear entertainment.
Bluetooth compatibility is standard, as is OnStar's turn-by-turn navigation service for buyers who do not select 
the car's navigation system option.
Efficient performance
The SRX is powered by a new, fuel-efficient direct injected 3.0L V-6 that delivers an estimated 260 horsepower (193 kW) and is paired with a six-speed automatic transmission. Direct injection results in more power, better fuel economy and lower emissions, all will a smaller-displacement package. As a result, the new V-6 engine is expected to raise the SRX's standard power rating by 5 horsepower, while achieving an estimated 1 0-15-percent fuel economy improvement.
The 3.0L direct injection V-6 is a smaller-displacement version of the 3.6L, direct injection engine featured in the CTS sport sedan and named one of the world's 10 Best Engines for 2009 by Ward's Automotive. Along with direct injection technology, the 3.0L engine employs variable valve timing to optimize power and fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
The Hydra-Matic 6T70 six-speed automatic transmission helps save fuel by lowering the engine's rpm at constant highway speeds, while manual shift control enables greater driver interaction when desired. The new SRX includes a driver-selectable "eco mode" that alters transmission shift points to maximize fuel economy.
"The 2010 SRX will deliver excellent, balanced driving dynamics in all types of weather," said Bob Reuter, global vehicle chief engineer. "The all-wheel-drive system with electronic limited slip effectively transfers torque not only from front to rear, but also along the rear axle. This system sets a new benchmark for all all-wheel-drive systems, giving the driver control and confidence on any road surface."
Traction control is taken a step further on AWD models with the rear eLSD. In icy or wet conditions, the system can transfer up to 100 percent of torque to the wheel that has more grip. The eLSD also gives the driver enhanced control when cornering hard or completing a high-speed maneuver, such as a lane change, by momentarily applying more or less torque to either of the wheels to help the rear of the vehicle more closely follow the direction of the front wheels.
The suspension includes a real-time damping system in conjunction with AWD that adjusts shock damping rates in response to road conditions for a smooth ride quality.
Enhanced safety
SRX's safety features are designed to protect occupants before, during and after a crash. A strong body structure and chassis that absorbs crash energy is complemented by the use of martensitic steel in the fully enclosed rocker sections. Martensitic steel is one of the strongest available and its use in the rockers helps protect against intrusion during a side-impact crash, while also maintaining the structure during front and rear crashes.
Additional safety features include standard head curtain side air bags, standard front seat-mounted pelvic/thorax side air bags, front safety belts with dual pretensioners and load limiters, rollover mitigation sensors, a pedal release system, trailer stability assist and OnStar.
The SRX was also designed to meet European pedestrian protection standards; and the front bumper is positioned for greater compatibility with car bumpers.
Production begins in the second quarter of 2009, with dealer availability shortly thereafter.
PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS
Models:
2010 Cadillac SRX
Body style / driveline:
five-door, 5-passenger front engine transaxle; front-wheel-drive/all-wheel-drive mid-luxury crossover vehicle
Construction:
steel body frame integral; galvanized steel front fenders, hood, roof, door panels, one-piece bodyside outer panel, and liftgate
EPA vehicle class:
sport utility vehicle
Manufacturing location:
Ramos Arizpe, Mexico
Key competitors:
Lexus RX; Acura MDX; BWW X3 and X5
Engines
3.0L DOHC V-6 direct injection, variable valve timing, four valves per cylinder
2.8L DOHC Turbo V-6, four valves per cylinder
Displacement (cu in / cc):
182 cu in / 2986 cc
170 cu in / 2792 cc
Bore x stroke (in / mm):
3.50 x 3.16 in / 89 x 80.3
3.50 x 2.94 in / 89 x 74.8
Block material: aluminum
Cylinder head material: aluminum
Valvetrain: DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder
Ignition system:
coil-near-plug
pencil Coil
Fuel Delivery:
high-pressure direct injection
PFI returnless
Compression ratio:
11.7:1
9.5:1
Horsepower (hp / kw @ rpm):
260 / 193 @ 6950 (est)
300 / 224 @ 5500 (est)
Torque (lb-ft / Nm @ rpm):
221 / 300 @ 5600 (est)
295 / 400 @ 1850 (est)
Recommended fuel:
regular unleaded; E85 capable
premium unleaded
Max engine speed (fuel cut-off):
7100
6500
Emissions Controls:
dual close-coupled catalysts and single underfloor catalyst; variable valve timing, evaporative system
dual close-coupled catalysts
Fuel economy (city / hwy)
TBD
TBD
Transmissions
6T70 Hydra-Matic six-speed transverse, electronically controlled, automatic overdrive transmission
AF40 Aisin Warner six-speed transverse, electronically controlled, automatic overdrive transmission
Chassis and Suspension
Front suspension:
independent, strut-type, specifically tuned coil springs, direct-acting stabilizer bar (hollow); hydraulic ride bushings
Rear suspension:
linked H-arm, hollow stabilizer bar; real-time damping available
Traction control:
all-speed using engine torque reduction and brake intervention
Steering type:
specifically calibrated hydraulic-power-assisted rack-and-pinion for V-6 models
Steering wheel turns, lock-to-lock
2.84
Turning circle, curb-to-curb (ft / M):
40.3 / 12.2
Steering ratio:
16.5:1
Brakes
Four-wheel power-asssited disc with ABS (and ESC); vented front and rear rotors; aluminum 
calipers front and rear (two-piston front calipers, single-piston rear calipers)
Brake rotor diameter – front (in / mm):
13.6 / 345 x 1.2 / 30
Brake rotor diameter – rear (in / mm):
12.4 / 315 x 0.9 / 23
Total swept area (cu cc):
front: 179.4
rear: 72
Wheels and Tires
Wheel size and type:
18-inch aluminum (std on all models)
20-inch aluminum (opt on all models)
Tires:
P235/65R18 AL3
P235/55R20 AL3 or 235/55R20 HW4
Exterior Dimensions
Overall length (in / mm): 190.2 / 4833
Overall width (in / mm): 75.1 / 1910
Overall height (in / mm): 65.6 / 1668
Wheelbase (in / mm): 110.5 / 2807
Front track (in / mm): 64.0 / 1626
Rear track (in / mm): 63.7 / 1620
Interior Dimensions
Seating Capacity (front / rear): 2 / 3
Headroom (in / mm):
front: 39.7 / 1009
rear: 38.4 / 976
Legroom (in / mm):
front: 41.2 / 1047
rear: 36.3 / 923
Shoulder room (in / mm):
front: 58.3 / 1481
rear: 56.2 / 1430
Hip room (in / mm):
front: 55.4 / 1408
rear: 54.7 / 1391
EPA passenger volume (cu ft / L) : 100.6 / 2848.6
EPA interior volume (cu ft / L): 129.8 / 3675.5
Cargo volume behind first-row seats (cu ft / L): 61.18 / 1732.4
Cargo volume behind second-row seats (cu ft / L): 29.20 / 826.8
Capacities
Trailer towing maximum (lb / kg):
3.0L: 2500 / 1136 (without towing package)
3.0L: 3500 / 1590 (with towing package)
2.8L: 3500 / 1590 (with towing package)
Maximum tongue weight (lb / kg): 350 / 158
Fuel tank (gal / L): 21 / 79.5
Cooling system (qt / L):
3.0L: 12.4 /11.7
2.8L: 12.6 /11.9
Technology :-The Skycar volantor developed by Moller International is capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) much as a helicopter and flies from point of departure to destination much like an 
airplane. However, the Skycar volantor is uniquely qualified to travel short distances on the ground as an automobile as well. All this and incredibly, its easy to fly! Actually a computer does the flying. The pilot need only move the controls in the direction he wants to go so that little skill is required. (Still for the time being, the operator will need to have a private pilot's license until the ease of operation and safety are thoroughly demonstrated.) The Moller Skycar is a volantor capable of these remarkable achievements through the use of an arrangement (array - collection - grouping) of proprietary technologies.
From its inception the M400 Skycar volantor has been designed to minimize both direct and indirect costs. The Skycar uses an engine that can burn almost any fuel from diesel to natural gas so that worldwide refueling can be accommodated by what is locally available. Using gasoline, the M400 can be expected to get over 20 mpg. With a range of 750 miles, the logistics associated with refueling the shorter-range helicopter can be eliminated.
The rotapower engines have only two major moving parts, weigh less than 80 pounds and occupy less than one cubic foot. The bulk of the remaining technology is electronic and replaceable in modules as the onboard redundant systems identify a failed or failing component.
Vehicle size greatly affects ground mobility and parking space required. The Skycar, with its compact size, can be stored in a space the size of a standard single car garage. The landing gear on the vehicle makes roadability possible for short distances.
Initially introduced as the M400, four-seat model, the Skycar technology has the ability to be both scaled up to a six passenger, M600, or scaled down to a one passenger, M100. This allows a cost efficient vehicle size to accommodate a variety of military, paramilitary, and commercial transport missions.
Time Critical Performance
The Skycar's combined VTOL and speed capability make extremely rapid response possible. Search and Rescue, Emergency Medical, Drug Interdiction, Surveillance, or Critical Personnel Transport are examples where minutes saved can literally mean the difference between success and failure, life and death, or thousands of dollars. Helicopters have traditionally offered the flexibility necessary in these applications allowing for ingress and egress into a limited space where fixed wing aircraft do not have access. The performance penalties for using helicopters as compared to fixed wing aircraft have been a low maximum cruise speed of approximately 125 mph, a limited range of around 300 miles, and a restricted operational ceiling of less than 15,000 ft.
A M400 Skycar, by utilizing its VTOL capability, has the flexible access of the helicopter. In addition, it has the 375 mph maximum speed, 750 mile range, and 36,000 foot ceiling of a high performance aircraft. The M400 can also climb at more than a vertical mile per minute.The most important issue in aviation is safety. So, the following safety features were designed into our volantor to help provide a safe alternative to ground transportation:
| • Dual Engines |
-- In the unlikely event of an engine failure sufficient power remains to ensure a safe and comfortable landing. Since the M400 has eight engines, one or more can fail and the Skycar will still operate safely. Unlike any light helicopter or airplane, the M400 Skycar has four engine nacelles; each with two Rotapower engines. These computer-controlled engines operate independently and allow for a vertical controlled landing should one engine fail.
| • Redundant Computer Stabilization Systems |
-- The Skycar has redundant, independent computer systems for flight management, stability and control. Should a computer problem occur backup systems would take over seamlessly. M400 has multiple independent computers for flight management and the design prevents a single-point failure from adversely effecting the performance of the aircraft.
| • Redundant Fuel Monitoring |
-- Multiple systems check fuel for quality and quantity and provide appropriate warnings.
| • Aerodynamically Stable |
-- In the unlikely event that insufficient power is available to hover, the Skycar's aerodynamic stability and good glide slope allows the pilot to maneuver to a safe area before using the airframe parachutes.
| • Automated Stabilization |
-- Since computers control the Skycar flight during hover and transition, the only pilot input is speed and direction. Undesirable movement of the Skycar due to wind gusts is automatically prevented.
| • Inherent Simplicity of the Engines |
| • Enclosed Fans |
Dual Parachutes -- Even in the instance of complete power loss you and your passengers are protected. The two airframe parachutes, front and rear, will guide the volantor safely and comfortably to the ground without incidence and can be deployed in the event of a critical failure of the aircraft. With the parachutes, the pilot, passengers and the Skycar can be recovered safely. Parachutes developed for the ultra-light aircraft industry, that are ballistically ejected, have demonstrated reliable vehicle recovery above 150 feet. Recovery is possible at a much lower altitude if the aircraft has a modest forward velocity or if a spreader gun is used to spread the parachute canopy. The best primary system should use the minimum number of engines necessary together with sufficient power to hover after the failure of one engine. A multi-engine system also interfaces well with a back-up parachute system since the time between consecutive engine failures should allow sufficient opportunity for the parachute to be deployed. A single engine failure in a VTOL aircraft with eight independent ducts and one engine per duct would require 54% reserve power in order to continue to hover. The same number of engines arranged in four nacelles with two engines per nacelle requires 36% reserve power to accommodate an engine failure. The safe operation of a VTOL aircraft requires that during hover it operate as close to the ground as possible (<25>
| • Emergency options |
-- The Skycar can land almost anywhere, and therefore avoid dangerous situations created by a sudden weather change or equipment failure.
By emphasizing simplicity, durability and redundancy, Moller is making safety an inherent attribute of this revolutionary aircraft.
times faster. When compared to a high-performance airplane, the Skycar has vertical takeoff and landing capability, is safer and potentially less expensive. The performance boundaries of the Skycar are much less restrictive than those of both helicopters and airplanes. These expanded operating limits are the natural consequence of combining VTOL and high-speed cruise in a single aircraft. The resulting flexibility allows many transportation applications to be addressed for the first time.
certification tests, was drafted by a team of FAA personnel and industry representatives. Moller International is a member of this team. In addition, the FAA has established a "powered lift" pilot's license. This, together with a thorough familiarization, will be required to pilot a Skycar, primarily to ensure adequate flight management and navigational skills. A Skycar is not piloted like a traditional fixed wing airplane and has only two hand-operated controls, which the pilot uses to inform the redundant computer control system of his or her desired flight maneuvers. Shown at the right is a picture of the controls of an M150 prototype.
Advantages :-
Low noise is clearly necessary for a Skycar to operate near or within highly populated areas. The Skycar's multiple ducted fan arrangement is designed to generate low fan noise by using modest thrust loading and tip speeds. Hover tests in the earlier M200X demonstrated a noise level of 85 decibels at 50 feet, less than 30% of the noise level produced by a Cessna 150 during take-off. The company's on-going work in mutual noise cancellation is expected to reduce the M400 
Skycar noise level sufficiently to eventually allow urban usage.
The Rotapower engine produces little NOx, the most difficult pollutant to eliminate. In addition, using a stratified charge combustion process greatly reduces the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emitted.
The absence of unprotected rotating components such as propellers and rotors makes the Skycar friendlier to both users and by-standers.
The Skycar's fuel-efficient engines and ability to run on regular automotive gasoline result in low fuel costs. The Skycar is significantly more fuel efficient in passenger miles per gallon than the tilt-rotor V22 Osprey, helicopters or many commercial jet airplanes.
Vehicle purchase price is a dominant factor in determining overall cost of ownership. For example, the Skycar's purchase price per passenger seat is projected to be 10% of that for the 30 passenger V22 Osprey. Mechanically complex machines like the V22 Osprey and large helicopters are unlikely to undergo significant reduction in manufacturing costs since mass-production of such a large and expensive aircraft is unlikely.
In addition, the Skycar's operating profile is especially attractive given the user's ability to determine his or her own specific departure time and destination, a great advantage over other mass transportation systems.
Test :-
M400 Flight Test Plans
Presently all test flights of the M400 Skycar employ a safety tether from above to protect the vehicle from catastrophic failure. Certainly during these early tests there are a number of failure modes with an aircraft that has 24 microprocessors and 25,000 lines of machine language software code. Additional factors that make a tether mandatory include:
• We are test flying within the Davis City Limits
• We presently have only one M400 aircraft
• Our insurance will go up substantially when the tether is not used while flying over land
We plan to begin untethered flights when we have at least one additional M400 nearing completion. All flights will occur over a specially constructed lake. This lake is part of the Milk Farm development, a commercial 60-acre development underway near the city of Dixon in California on Interstate 80. The lake will have an area of 5 to 6 acres and will be approximately 10 feet deep with a silt, rock free bottom. Most flights will occur at less than 50 feet altitude and will incorporate flotation gear attached to the Skycar.
